Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and previously as mental retardation (MR), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

It is defined by an IQ of less than 70, as well as deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect daily, general living. DSM-V defines intellectual functions as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from instruction and experience, as well as practical understanding as confirmed by clinical assessment and standardized tests.

Adaptive behavior is defined in terms of conceptual, social, and practical skills involving everyday tasks performed by people.